Comparing and Contrasting Ancient Greek Drinking Vessels...

There are a handful of differences and similarities from an Ancient Greek drinking vessel and a Starbucks cup some people may not take into consideration. While comparing and contrasting a Starbucks coffee cup and Ancient Greek drinking vessels I will take careful notation into the differences and similarities of their form, function and decoration of the artifacts. I will go into careful detail of what the ancient Greeks used to create their drinking vessels. Also, I will elaborate the functions that the Ancient Greeks first had in mind and what uses they had during the different time periods. Another important aspect of the ancient Greek drinking vessels and Starbucks cup are the decorations and logos. This plays an important role in†¦show more content†¦This is usually referred as a red-figure style vase. This type of style vase painting started in Athens, Greece. The red-figure technique is essentially an inversion of the black-figure technique, for now the figures are l eft the color of the clay and the background is painted black. Details within the contours of the figures are painted with a brush and are consequently more fluid than when incised in the black-figure technique. These paintings upon the vessels usually depict some sort of scene from mythological life. Most of these Greek vessels served as more than drinking vessels but as prizes, ways to illustrate stories and items used to place in tombs. Today, people may use Starbucks cups, as a â€Å"to-go† cup, conveniently for our societys busy lives. The Starbucks cup is shaped like an open cylindrical container with a flat bottom and without handles. Starbucks provides lids for the paper and plastic cups with a hole in it for either sipping or to insert a straw for drinking. However, because they are made from paper and plastic they are easier to dispose of after use. The Starbucks cup is made up of mostly paper and it also contains a petro-chemical based polyethylene plastic, whic h makes it impossible to recycle. Starbucks has an optional sleeve for the cups to protect your hands from burning from the hot temperatures of the beverages. The sleeves are made out

Isp †Internet Service Provider Free Essays

Internet service provider * ISP (Internet service provider) * Regional ISPs provide Internet access to a specific geographical area * National ISPs provide Internet access in cities and towns nationwide * Online service provider (OSP) * Has many members-only features * Popular OSPs include AOL (America Online) and MSN (Microsoft Network) * Wireless Internet service provider (WISP) * Provides wireless Internet access to computers and mobile devices * May require a wireless modem An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that provides access to the Internet. Access ISPs directly connect customers to the Internet using copper wires, wireless or fiber-optic connections. [1] Hosting ISPs lease server space for smaller businesses and host other people servers (colocation). We will write a custom essay sample on Isp – Internet Service Provider or any similar topic only for you Order Now Transit ISPs provide large amounts of bandwidth for connecting hosting ISPs to access ISPs. [2] Internet connectivity options from end-user to Tier 3/2 ISPs * | History The Internet started off as a closed network between government research laboratories and relevant parts of universities. As it became more popular, universities and colleges started giving more of their members access to it. As a result of its popularity, commercial Internet service providers sprang up to offer access to the Internet to anyone willing to pay for the service, mainly to those who missed their university accounts. In 1990, Brookline, Massachusetts-based The World became the first commercial ISP. [3] Access provider ISPs employ a range of technologies to enable consumers to connect to their network. For users and small businesses, traditional options include: dial-up, DSL (typically Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, ADSL), broadband wireless, cable modem, fiber to the premises (FTTH), and Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (typically basic rate interface). For customers with more demanding requirements, such as medium-to-large businesses, or other ISPs, DSL (often Single-Pair High-speed Digital Subscriber Line or ADSL), Ethernet, Metropolythian Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, Frame Relay, ISDN (B. R. I. or P. R. I. ), ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) and upload satellite Internet access. Sync-optical cabling (SONET) are more likely to be used. [citation needed] Typical home user connectivity * Broadband wireless access * Cable Internet * Dial-up * ISDN * Modem * DSL * FTTH * Wi-Fi Business-type connection: * DSL * Metro Ethernet technology * Leased line * SHDSL Locality When using a dial-up or ISDN connection method, the ISP cannot determine the caller’s physical location to more detail than using the number transmitted using an appropriate form of Caller ID; it is entirely possible to e. g. connect to an ISP located in Mexico from the USA. Other means of connection such as cable or DSL require a fixed registered connection node, usually associated at the ISP with a physical address. Mailbox provider A company or organization that provides email mailbox hosting services for end users and/or organizations. Many Mailbox Providers are also Access Providers. Hosting ISPs Hosting ISPs routinely provide email, FTP, and web-hosting services. Other services include virtual machines, clouds, or entire physical servers where customers can run their own custom software. Transit ISPs Just as their customers pay them for Internet access, ISPs themselves pay upstream ISPs for Internet access. An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP and/or is able to provide the contracting ISP with access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to. In the simplest case, a single connection is established to an upstream ISP and is used to transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network; this mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching a Tier 1 carrier. In reality, the situation is often more complex. ISPs with more than one point of presence (PoP) may have separate connections to an upstream ISP at multiple PoPs, or they may be customers of multiple upstream ISPs and may have connections to each one of them at one or more point of presence. Peering Main article: Peering ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted—data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream ISP. ISPs requiring no upstream and having only customers (end customers and/or peer ISPs) are called Tier 1 ISPs. Network hardware, software and specifications, as well as the expertise of network management personnel are important in ensuring that data follows the most efficient route, and upstream connections work reliably. A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible. Derivatives The following are not a different type of the above ISPs, rather they are derivatives of the 3 core ISP types. A VISP is reselling either access or hosting services. Free ISPs are similar, but they just have a different revenue model. Virtual ISP Main article: Virtual ISP A Virtual ISP (VISP) is an operation which purchases services from another ISP (sometimes called a â€Å"wholesale ISP† in this context)[4] which allow the VISP’s customers to access the Internet using services and infrastructure owned and operated by the wholesale ISP. Free ISP Free ISPs are Internet Service Providers (ISPs) which provide service free of charge. Many free ISPs display advertisements while the user is connected; like commercial television, in a sense they are selling the users’ attention to the advertiser. Other free ISPs, often called freenets, are run on a nonprofit basis, usually with volunteer staff. Related services * Broadband Internet access * Fixed wireless access * Cable * Triple play * Internet hosting service * Web hosting service * E-mail hosting service * DNS hosting service * Dynamic DNS How to cite Isp – Internet Service Provider, Papers

Retail Management Organic and Online Groceries

Question: Discuss about thrRetail Managementfor Organic and Online Groceries. Answer: Overview of Hong Kong Hong Kong reflects increased autonomy in the Peoples Republic of China. The region is significantly populated by people originating from China while people also originating from Indonesia and Filipino are also observed to constitute the Chinese society. Moreover, the existence of a free market economy in Hong Kong potentially attracts international business institutions pertaining to different sectors to set up their business presence in the region. During 2015, the GDP of Hong Kong estimated to around $414.6 billion(CIA, 2016). Comparison of Retailing in Australia and Hong Kong Retailing in Australia Shopping Centre in Australia Large numbers of shopping centres are available around different regions of Australia. Melbourne operates as the prime destination hosting around 20 different shopping centres located along different areas. An estimate carried during 2015 reflects that around 85 percent of the shopping population above 14 years amounting to around 16.5 million visited the shopping centres on an average monthly basis. The following illustration reflects the number of Australian shoppers that had visited the shopping centres on average monthly basis. (Roy Morgan , 2015) The following illustration also reflects the different factors like searching for label brands, discounts, large product assortments to make choices and the fashion mindedness that attracts large numbers of customers to the different shopping centres. (Roy Morgan , 2015) Supermarkets in Australia The supermarkets in Australia act as grocery retailers that focus on cutting down the prices of its merchandises to help the customers enjoy the benefits of low-priced shopping. Customers procure fresh and quality products at reduced prices from the supermarkets. The supermarkets focusing on selling cheaper products are observed to suffer from lack of differentiation owing to cutting down its product assortments and varieties(Peled, 2015). In recent times, the government authorities in Australia have decided to encourage the retailers in selling liquors and wines along the store aisles(Brook, 2015). Convenience Stores in Australia The convenience stores in Australia located throughout the Australian towns are observed to be increasingly attached to the different gas stations. Further, the prices of the merchandises sold at the Australian convenience stores are also evaluated to be quite expensive compared to the products sold at the Australian supermarkets. The prices of the products sold at different convenience stores also tend to differ from store to store and from one region to another. The convenience stores based in Australia tend to sell different types of products ranging from candies, drinks, ice creams, newspapers, detergents, toilet papers, toothpastes and other types of products needed for daily needs of the consumers(Suganuma, 2016). E-Retailing in Australia Online retailing activity in Australia tends to value around $22.1 billion and is observed to generate a growth of around 7 percent on a year-to-year basis. Online retailers based in Australia are observed to sell different types of products ranging from grocery to fashion and also jewellery, toiletries and other types of cosmetic items. Further, books and magazines, liquor products, appliances and footwear are also observed to be retailed in an online fashion to consumers(Smart Company , 2015). Retailing in Hong Kong Shopping Centre in Hong Kong The shopping mall culture is largely prevalent in Hong Kong where the existence of large numbers of shopping malls and arcades tend to attract potential numbers of customers and tourists. The shopping centres based in Hong Kong reflect the retail heritage of the region. The shopping malls located in Hong Kong Island helps customers to meet their day-to-day needs, label and branded products and also premium fashion brands. The shopping centres based in Kowloon attract night customers and potential tourists. Shopping centres located in Outlying Islands attracts customers interested in buying international brands, jewellery, fashion and other skin-care and audio-visual products(Hong Kong Tourism Board, 2016). Supermarkets in Hong Kong The supermarkets based in Hong Kong are observed to sell different types of grocery merchandises and other fresh fruits and vegetables. The supermarkets also cater for the consumer demand regarding ready-to-eat products and also other types of organic products. Similarly, Hong Kong supermarkets also focus on selling live and wet products like fresh fish, meat and other types of sea foods to consumers(Batt, 2012). The supermarkets based in Hong Kong have not earned the license for selling of liquors. Only licensed retailers regulated by Food and Environmental Hygiene Department are allowed to sell liquors(Winn, 2015). Convenience Stores in Hong Kong The convenience stores in Hong Kong are observed to be available in different accessible regions along the diverse cities. Customers tend to purchase their day-to-day food and other types of products and ingredients in a freshly picked fashion(Hong Kong Trade Development Council., 2016). The convenience stores based in Hong Kong offer needed convenience to customers on being available 24 hours each day. Apart from selling freshly picked and ready-to-eat food products, the convenience stores of Hong Kong also sell other products like toys, newspapers and magazines, alcoholic products and toiletries(Hong Kong Travel Guide, n.d.). E-Retailing in Hong Kong The online retailing activity is observed to gain needed impetus in Hong Kong. Customers tend to use different types of devices like computers, Smartphones and tablets for marketing along the online sphere. A Nielsen report reflects that around 85 percent of the consumers use computers for conducting electronic shopping followed by 41 and 27 percent consumers using Smartphones and tablets for conducting online purchases. The same is reflected in the following illustration. (The Nielsen Company, 2016) The report also reflects that 52 percent of the consumers have purchased clothing and fashion merchandises online followed by 41 and 39 percent of consumers using the e-commerce medium for making online reservations for airlines and hotel and booking of restaurant coupons in a respective fashion. The same is reflected in the below illustration. (The Nielsen Company, 2016) Conclusions The above analysis essentially reflects some potential differences relating to the manner retailing activities are conducted in two different global regions like Australia and Hong Kong. Task B Evolutionary Analysis Evolution of Retail Formats The emergence of intense competition with also the increased demand by customers for lowering the prices of the merchandises sold by the retail outlets have increasingly contributed to the development of new retail formats. The growth of intense competition has triggered the growth of mergers and acquisitions of retail institutions and also downsizing of retail units to form newer and smaller retail formats. The incorporation of the above strategies potentially helps the retail institutions in effectively penetrating a larger consumer market(Mincon, 2012). Retailers operating during the competitive periods increasingly focus on the incorporation of cost containment approach such that the same helps in the generation of needed value while designing retail stores and formats. The standardisation of the retail formats along with the store layouts and size and also the focus on the development of smaller store formats has contributed to the development of department and discount store fo rmats(Mincon, 2012). The evolution of retail store formats like discount and department stores can also be effectively analysed based on the concept of Wheel of Retailing. The concept of Wheel of Retailing reflects that new retail institutions focus on entering the marketplace based on the incorporation of innovative cost reduction measures. Subsequently however the retail institutions focus on incorporating newer products and expanding their market base thereby becoming expensive (Pride, 2008). Discount Stores At present the discount formats of retail stores and other standalone discount retailers are limited in number. However, owing to the continual demand of the consumers for cheap and cost-effective merchandises the demand for discount formats reflects needed growth in the coming period. The above fact reflects that discount stores happen to belong to the growth stage of the retail life cycle(Berkhout, 2015). The Wheel of Retailing concept reflects that the discount stores emerged owing to the expensive nature of services generated by the department stores. The discount stores emerged as a novel concept generating greater services and quality merchandises at higher prices. They also enhanced their presence through expanding across different regions (Pride, 2008). Department Stores The department stores owe its origin to the department store developed by Harding, Howell and Company during 1796. The store was divided along four main departments. Selfridges earn prominence as a Department Store during the 20th Century that reflected to be an effective shopping destination for customers. The current department stores generate large number of options regarding different product categories to retail customers and counters threat from growth of online retailing and shopping malls(BBC Culture , 2015). The retail life cycle analysis of the department stores based along the European countries like the different types of food and non-food retailers reflects that the department stores are in the maturity stage of the retail life cycle(SUN, 2002). Based on the concept of Wheel of Retailing, the case of Sears reflect that the department store initiated its business as a low-cost and high-volume retailer that competed with other smaller retail institutions and general traders(Pride, 2008). Product Based Analysis Discount Stores Discount stores essentially operate like Specialty Stores and thereby focus on the generation of products relating to specific assortments like toys, furniture and home furnishings. Similarly, the discount stores also focus on the selling of jewellery, sports merchandises and apparels and appliances at reduced prices(Berkhout, 2015). Department Stores The department stores focus on retailing different types of merchandises ranging from clothing and apparels, fashion, general merchandise categories, books, footwear and also electronic appliances. Other product categories also include cosmetic and self care products and grocery and food items(Winn, 2015). Marketing Strategy Discount Stores Discount stores like Aldi and Lidl are observed to incorporate different types of strategies like special deals and unbeatable prices for appealing to larger number of customers(Berkhout, 2015). Department Stores The Department Stores focus on the generation of effective promotions and rebates for marketing the different merchandise categories to the customers(BBC Culture , 2015). Future of Retailing The future of retailing reflects on the development of applications like Instant Purchasing that can be used by retailers for encouraging customers to procure merchandises just clicking on them while seeing a movie. Subscription enabled purchasing models also reflect future retail developments wherein customers can generate effective subscriptions and thereby procure different types of merchandises within a specified period without the need for generating additional amounts(Rienartz, 2016). Speciality of Discount and Department Stores Discount Stores The discount stores reflect differences in that the stores essentially focus on the sales of speciality product categories like fashion items, furniture, jewellery and appliances at reduced costs(Pride, 2008). Department Stores The department stores earn its specialty in that the stores focus on selling diverse merchandises based along different departments. The generation of specific retail departments contributes in generating focused offers and price discounts and also planning for product merchandises in a differentiated fashion. It thus contributes in addressing the variegated needs of the customers(Winn, 2015). Emerging Store Concepts Five different types of emerging retail formats are identified. Van retailing is emerging as an effective concept where the retail institutions focus on the use of vans for retailing products to a larger consumer market in a region. Venue retailing services can also be developed for retailing specific products like jewellery, cosmetics and other types of household items. It requires the retail firms to plan different types of events. Distant retailing is observed to be a specific type of retail service that is undertaken by retailers like Walmart through the use of different types of gadgets like mobile phones, pagers and telephones. Forecourt Retailing is also identified as a new retailing concept through which retailers tend to sell its products through development of outlets near offices, parking stations and petrol outlets. Finally, like Trade Fairs, Retail Fairs and also Retail Parks can also be constituted through which different retail firms can exhibit different categories an d brands of retail products for being chosen by the customers. The same helps in generating increased exposure to the different retail firms in competing with their competitor firms in an effective fashion(Berg, 2013). References Batt, M., 2012. Buying groceries in Hong Kong. Supermarkets, wet markets, organic and online groceries. [Online] Available at: https://thehkhub.com/grocery-shopping/ [Accessed 1 December 2016]. BBC Culture , 2015. A history of the department store. [Online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/culture/bespoke/story/20150326-a-history-of-the-department-store/index.html [Accessed 1 December 2016]. Berg, B., 2013. Retail Branding and Store Loyalty: Analysis in the Context of Reciprocity, Store Accessibility, and Retail Formats. United Kingdom : Springer Science and Business Media. Berkhout, C., 2015. Retail Marketing Strategy: Delivering Shopper Delight. United States : Kogan Page Publishers. Brook, B., 2015. Government considering plans to allow supermarkets sell alcohol in the aisles. [Online] Available at: https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/food/drink/government-considering-plans-to-allow-supermarkets-sell-alcohol-in-the-aisles/news-story/4ab25f6608726e9d6002aba14cad3357 [Accessed 1 December 2016]. CIA, 2016. Hong Kong. [Online] Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/hk.html [Accessed 1 December 2016]. Hong Kong Tourism Board, 2016. Malls and Department Stores. [Online] Available at: https://www.discoverhongkong.com/in/shop/where-to-shop/malls-and-department-stores/index.jsp [Accessed 1 December 2016]. Hong Kong Trade Development Council., 2016. Convenience Store Success. [Online] Available at: https://hkmb.hktdc.com/en/1X0A4FM5/inside-china/Convenience-Store-Success [Accessed 1 December 2016]. Hong Kong Travel Guide, n.d. Hong Kong Convenience Stores. [Online] Available at: https://www.hongkongtripguide.com/hong-kong-convenience-stores.html [Accessed 1 December 2016]. Mincon, 2012. Cost Containment and Value-Driven of retailer. [Online] Available at: https://www.posright.com/new/Cost_Containment_Value_Driven_retailer [Accessed 1 December 2016]. Mincon, 2012. How retail institutions are evolving? [Online] Available at: How retail institutions are evolving? [Accessed 1 December 2016]. Peled, D., 2015. Down, down but not different: Australias supermarkets in a race to the bottom. [Online] Available at: https://theconversation.com/down-down-but-not-different-australias-supermarkets-in-a-race-to-the-bottom-48151 [Accessed 1 December 2016]. Pride, W., 2008. Marketing. United States : Cengage Learning. Rienartz, W., 2016. In the Future of Retail, Were Never Not Shopping. [Online] Available at: https://hbr.org/2016/03/in-the-future-of-retail-were-never-not-shopping [Accessed 1 December 2016]. Roy Morgan , 2015. Australias Top 20 favourite Shopping Centres. [Online] Available at: https://roymorgan.com.au/findings/6598-top-20-shopping-centres-in-australia-2015-201512092342 [Accessed 1 December 2016]. Smart Company , 2015. Australias top 20 online retailers: 2015. [Online] Available at: www.smartcompany.com.au/marketing/online-sales/46163-australia-s-top-20-online-retailers-for-2015/ [Accessed 1 December 2016]. Suganuma, C., 2016. Convenience Stores in Australia. [Online] Available at: https://en.k-wn.com/area2/convenience-stores/ [Accessed 1 December 2016]. SUN, L.-n., 2002. Retail Life Cycle of the Department Store Industry. Hong Kong: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The Nielsen Company, 2016. things you must know about hong kong online shoppers. [Online] Available at: https://www.nielsen.com/hk/en/insights/news/2016/things-you-must-know-about-hong-kong-online-shoppers.html [Accessed 1 December 2016]. Winn, H., 2015. Should retail outlets be required to get an off-licence to sell liquor? [Online] Available at: https://www.scmp.com/business/economy/article/1678161/should-retail-outlets-be-required-get-licence-sell-liquor [Accessed 1 December 2016].